Working memory deficits in Parkinson's disease mouse model / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease(PD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically char-acterized by dyskinesia,tremor,rigidity,abnormal gait,whereas 90%of patients with PD suffer from defects of the sense of smell before the appearance of the motor dysfunctions.However,the mechanism of olfactory disor-der is still not clear.METHODS We utilized olfaction based delayed paired association task in head-fixed mice.We focused on functional role of neural circuit using opto-genetic techniques.In addition,we viewed the synaptic transmission by slice physiological recording and count-ed the cell number of targeted circuits.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In our experiments,olfactory working memory impairments were found in the PD mice,and the working memory impairment appeared before motor dys-functions.Furthermore,we also investigated the functional role of neural circuit for olfactory working memory in PD mice.Meanwhile,the excitatory post synaptic currents were decreased as a result of presynaptic release proba-bility suppression in PD mice.However cell loss wasn't found in working memory related circuit recently.These will provide a new idea of clinic diagnosis for PD.

Quantitative evaluation of the dynamic changes of mitral annulus in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation by three-dimensional echocardiography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the static geometric structure and dynamic changes of the mitral annulus(MA) in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) by three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.Methods:Thirty-five patients with DMR (both mitral valve prolapse and Barlow) were collected as DMR group in Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Disease Hospital from August 2019 to March 2021, and 42 healthy volunteers were selected as control group during the same period. The mitral annulus area (MAA), mitral annulus perimeter (MAP), mitral annulus anterolateral-posteromedial diameter (DALPM), anteroposterior diameter (DAP), non-planar angle (NPA), mitral annulus height (AH), and the ratio of height to intercommissural diameter (AHCWR) were measured during the late-diastole, early-systole, mid-systole and late-systole, and the systolic change fractions of the above parameters were calculated. The differences of static structure and dynamic change of MA between the two groups were compared, and the characteristics of dynamic change of MA in the whole cardiac cycle were analyzed.Results:Static structure: MAA, MAP, DAP and DALPM in DMR group were higher than those in control group during the whole cardiac cycle, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the saddle structure in DMR group were flattened in the middle and late contraction stages (AHCWR: 0.17±0.01 vs 0.21±0.01 and 0.15±0.01 vs 0.23±0.01, both P<0.05), while the saddle structure was relatively preserved in the rest of the contraction stage. Dynamic changes: Presystole contraction (MAA, MAP, DAP, DALPM decreased, all P<0.05) were appeared durng the late-diastole and early-systole in the control group, and saddle shape deepened (NPA decreased, AH and AHCWR increased, all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, presystole MA contraction and saddle deepening disappeared in DMR group (there were no significant differences in all MA parameters between late-diastole and early-systole, all P>0.05). The systolic dynamic changes were weaker and impaired when compared with the control group, which showed that the systolic change scores of DALPM, NPA and AHCWR were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the 4 time phases of MA parameters except DAP (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The saddle-shape structure of MA in normal subjects is obvious, and the dynamic change of MA in the cardiac cycle is significant, with obvious contraction before contraction and saddle-shape deepening. The saddle structure of DMR patient is flattened in the middle and late systolic period, and the MA kinetic energy of DMR patient is weakened throughout the cardiac cycle, the contraction phenomenon disappeared before contraction, and the dynamic change of systolic period is impaired to varying degrees.

Evaluation of the Prediction Performance of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Sodium Valproate in Epileptic Children in China / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To compare all published sodium valproate population pharmacokinetic models of epileptic children in China and assess them by external validation to determine their predictive performance. METHODS: The published population pharmacokinetic model of sodium valproate in children with epilepsy in China was collected by database retrieval. By retrospectively collecting patients' information, we performed an external validation to evaluate the power of prediction. RESULTS: Four sodium valproate models were published before. The external validation of 101 samples showed that the MPE, MAE, RMSE of the four model were similar. All of them showed good adequacy between predicted concentrations and observed concentrations. Comparing with other models, the model established by Ding has better prediction error coincidence rate in most interval, which is more targeted for the prediction of individualized dosage regimen for epileptic children in our hospital. However, the overall prediction accuracy of the four models is not significantly different. CONCLUSION: By the evaluation of four published population pharmacokinetic models of sodium valproate model B performs better than others, while the overall accuracy of the four models did not differ much. Racial difference may be an important factor affecting the accuracy of the model, which needs to be further explored in subsequent studies.

Emerging relationship between RNA helicases and autophagy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

RNA helicases, the largest family of proteins that participate in RNA metabolism, stabilize the intracellular environment through various processes, such as translation and pre-RNA splicing. These proteins are also involved in some diseases, such as cancers and viral diseases. Autophagy, a self-digestive and cytoprotective trafficking process in which superfluous organelles and cellular garbage are degraded to stabilize the internal environment or maintain basic cellular survival, is associated with human diseases. Interestingly, similar to autophagy, RNA helicases play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are related to many types of diseases. According to recent studies, RNA helicases are closely related to autophagy, participate in regulating autophagy, or serve as a bridge between autophagy and other cellular activities that widely regulate some pathophysiological processes or the development and progression of diseases. Here, we summarize the most recent studies to understand how RNA helicases function as regulatory proteins and determine their association with autophagy in various diseases.

Anti-Hypertensive Action of Fenofibrate via UCP2 Upregulation Mediated by PPAR Activation in Baroreflex Afferent Pathway / 神经科学通报·英文版

Fenofibrate, an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lowers blood pressure, but whether this action is mediated via baroreflex afferents has not been elucidated. In this study, the distribution of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ was assessed in the nodose ganglion (NG) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Hypertension induced by drinking high fructose (HFD) was reduced, along with complete restoration of impaired baroreceptor sensitivity, by chronic treatment with fenofibrate. The molecular data also showed that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were dramatically up-regulated in the NG and NTS of the HFD group. Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-α, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. These results suggest that chronic treatment with fenofibrate plays a crucial role in the neural control of blood pressure by improving baroreflex afferent function due at least partially to PPAR-mediated up-regulation of UCP2 expression and reduction of oxidative stress.

Comparison of volatile profiles and bioactive components of sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea plants on Bulang Mountain measured by GC-MS and HPLC / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

To explore the volatile profiles and the contents of ten bioactive components (polyphenols and caffeine) of sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea plants on Bulang Mountain, 17 samples of three tea varieties were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 75 volatile components were tentatively identified. Laomaner (LME), Laobanzhang (LBZ), and other teas on Bulang Mountain (BL) contained 70, 53, and 71 volatile compounds, respectively. Among the volatile compounds, alcohols (30.2%-45.8%), hydrocarbons (13.7%-17.5%), and ketones (12.4%-23.4%) were qualitatively the most dominant volatile compounds in the different tea varieties. The average content of polyphenol was highest in LME (102.1 mg/g), followed by BL (98.7 mg/g) and LBZ (88.0 mg/g), while caffeine showed the opposite trend, 27.3 mg/g in LME, 33.5 mg/g in BL, and 38.1 mg/g in LBZ. Principal component analysis applied to both the volatile compounds and ten bioactive components showed a poor separation of samples according to varieties, while partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed satisfactory discrimination. Thirty-four volatile components and five bioactive compounds were selected as major discriminators (variable importance in projection (VIP) >1) among the tea varieties. These results suggest that chromatographic data combined with multivariate analysis could provide a useful technique to characterize and distinguish the sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea varieties on Bulang Mountain.

Progresses of three-dimensional echocardiography quantitative evaluation in valve structure and function and degree of regurgitation for patients with mitral regurgitation / 中国医学影像技术

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common valve lesions. Echocardiography can effectively evaluate the valve structure and reflux, and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Compared with conventional echocardiography, the quantitative technique of three-dimensional echocardiography can better describe the valve structure and function, and more accurately assess the degree of reflux, which is of great significance for clinical treatment, decisions and disease risk stratification. The research progresses of quantitative evaluation of valve structure and reflux in patients with mitral regurgitation by three-dimensional echocardiography were reviewed in this article.

Clinical progress of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of osteoarthritis / 中国综合临床

Osteoarthritis (OA) is slow progressive disease with destruction of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of subchondral bone.The elderly are the most common patients,usually treated by joint surgery.OA patients often undergo total joint replacement.The risk andhigh cost of joint replacement prompt researchers to use multi-potential mesenchymal stem cells to repair full-thickness articular cartilage.Mesenchyma Stem Cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that can differentiate into bone,fat and chondrocytes.MSCs exist in bone marrow and fat.Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) can also be found in synovial joints.MSCs affect the progress of OA.MSCs can be isolated and proliferated in vitro and applied in clinical trials.Current clinical trials are still at an early stage.The primary purpose is to evaluate the safety,feasibility and effectiveness.This article reviews recent progress in clinical trials of MSCs repair of OA.

Investigation on Perception and Use about Over-the-counter Chinese Patent Medicine Cold Medicine in Medical Students of a Medical College / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further promoting rational use of over-the-counter Chinese patent medicine cold medicine.METHODS:A total of 126 clinical medical students in grade four of Chengdu Medical College were randomly selected from Chengdu Medical College by using the method of cluster sampling.Their perception and use of over-the-counter Chinese patent medicine cold medicine were investigated by questionnaire survey (126 students) and interview method (20 of them).The related data were counted and analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 126 questionnaires were issued and 126 valid ones were recovered with effective recovery rate of 100％.20 interviewed students completed interview.Results of questionnaire survey showed that 88.1％ of the respondents had purchased and used over-the-counter Chinese patent medicine cold medicine;78.6％ of them didn't knew cold medicine with the name of "ganmao kanggan gan" was Chinese patent medicine;71.4％ of them thought they could distinguish at least one type of cold;87.8％ of them thought they could choose suitable over-the-counter Chinese patent medicine cold medicine by distinguish all or part of cold.Results of interview survey showed that the respondents couldn' t definitely describe the content of related cold types by using TCM theory and also couldn' t describe the complete,comprehensive and accurate symptoms of related cold types;the correct choice of suitable over-the-counter Chinese patent medicine cold medicine for wind cold,wind-heat type cold and common cold was not ideal.CONCLUSIONS:Medical students of the medical college don't know enough about the generic name of over-the-counter Chinese patent medicine cold medicine and the theory of cold in traditional Chinese medicine.The students' choice of over-the-counter Chinese patent medicine cold medicine is unsatisfactory.

Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on voltage-gated K+channel proteins and cytokines in the infarcted myocardium of rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation can effectively improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. However, few reports have been issued on myocardial electrophysiology after BMSCs transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of BMSCs transplantation on voltage-gated K+channel protein and myocardial infarction-related cytokines, thereby providing basic evidence for further exploration on the mechanism underlying arrhythmia in myocardial infarction due to BMSCs transplantation. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats, SPF grade, were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, model group, cell culture medium group and BMSCs group. The myocardial infarction model was created in rats by permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery. At 15-20 minutes after surgery, BMSCs (100 μL, 1×106) or cell culture medium (100 μL) was injected at four sites in the peri-infarct zone. Four weeks after cell therapy, cardiac samples were taken, the pathological morphology of the infarcted myocardium was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the infarct size was calculated; the expression levels of voltage-gated K+channel proteins Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured by western blot assay; and the expression levels of apoptotic factor (Caspase-3), autophagy factor (Bcl-2), nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase were tested by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group and cell culture medium group, the infarct size decreased in the BMSCs group (P < 0.05); the expression levels of cTnT, Kv1.5 and superoxide dismutase increased (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Kv1.2 decreased (P < 0.05) in the BMSCs group. In summary, BMSCs transplantation can promote the expression of voltage-gated K+channel proteins, and improve anti-oxidation capacity of the myocardium and decrease apoptosis and autophagy.

The strategy and prospect of gene therapy in neurogenetic diseases / 中华神经科杂志

Most of the neurogenetic disorders could not be cured until now. With the development of molecular biological techniques, gene therapies show brilliant application prospects in neurogenetic disorders, which contain gene supplementation, exon skipping, splicing enhancement, dynamic mutation correction and toxic expression product elimination, and so on.

Thoughts of Designing the Pharmacy Self-taught Undergraduate Course System in General Universities in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the pharmacy self-taught undergraduate course system in general universities in China. METHODS:According to comparative study and researching related literatures,the situation of pharmacy self-taught undergraduate course system in general universities in China was analyzed,and reform ideas and programs were present-ed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Based onchemistry-biology-psychology-society-medicine-pharmacyin the overall framework of pharmacy undergraduate self-examination course system,it was designed with target of cultivating applied talents;related con-tents in public basic courses,humanities basic course and professional ethics course should throughout the whole teaching process;professional main course should be pharmaceutical knowledge-based,supplemented by medical related courses;the school should set vocational elective course to reform based on combining with the own teaching research direction,characteristics and career ori-entation of different self-taught students. The reform can develop applied talents with ability and political integrity,which meets the needs of social development.

Application of simethicone before colonoscope examination / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the application effect of simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder before colonoscope examination. Methods 106 cases underwent colonoscope examination from October 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled in the study. Then all the cases were divided into 2 groups randomly, each with 53 cases. Patients in the control group were treated with simple oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder, patients in observation group were combined using simethicone and polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. The preoperative bowel preparation score, lesion detection and the changes of liver and renal function and electrolyte in the two groups were recorded respectively. Results Patients in the observation group were better than the control group in both the bowel preparation score and the detection rate (P < 0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the course of the two groups. Conclusions Simethicone can eliminate intestinal bubbles, and combined use with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder before colonoscope examination can significantly improve intestinal cleaning effect, improve the colonoscope examination image, enhance the detection rate of lesions.

Research advance on objective classification indicators of traditional Chinese medicine constitution of health population / 国际中医中药杂志

This article mainly elaborated around the four common categories of objective classification indicators, including constitution-gene and pathway, symptoms and signs, imaging examinations and biological indicators. We summarized advantages and limitations in all the objective classification categories, and put forward that both human secretory immunoglobulins A and salivary cortisol have the potential to be important classification indicators in constitution of traditional Chinese medicine, which might bring objective and quantitative criterion for constitution recognition and constitutional interventions in the future.

Investigation on Pharmaceutical Care of Chain Drug Stores in Chengdu from the Consumers' Angle / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the pharmaceutical care of chain drug stores.METHODS:By convenience sampling,questionnaire survey about pharmaceutical care of drug stores was conducted among the customers in 5 chain drug stores (selecting each one branch drug store with certain scale) from Chengdu.The data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 413 questionnaires were issued,of which 400 were valid,with effective recovery rate of 96.9％.Only 25.5 ％ respondents could identify the licensed pharmacist;higher educated respondents and respondents with academic background of medicine were more likely to make distinction (P＜0.05).The respondents who had often received the service of medication guidance,the service of recommending same effect medicine with low price and the service of medication instruction was only 45.5％,19.0％ and 48.3％ respectively,5.3％,13.0％ and 10.8％ of those who had never received such services.Respondents' satisfaction with the general service staff (64.0％) was much higher than with licensed pharmacist (34.3％).Respondents believed that the three most important pharmaceutical care were medication guidance,helping boiling TCM and free health test.CONCLUSIONS:Consumers can not clearly distinguish the licensed pharmacist in drug stores.The situation that consumers can get major items of pharmaceutical care is still unsatisfactory.Consumers are less satisfied with licensed pharmacists,but their attention to medication guidance services reflects their strong awareness of medication safety.

A study on the effect of measurement-based care using Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9)on patients with depression / 预防医学

Objective Thisstudyaimstoexploretheeffectofmeasurement-basedcareusingPatientHealthQuestionnaire DepressionScale(PHQ-9)onpatientswithonsetdepression.Methods Atotalof120patientswithonsetdepressionwere randomly assigned to the test group and control group.The test group was treated with measurement-based care using PHQ-9 and the control group maintains normal treatment.We assessed the HAMD1 7 score and social function of all patients on acute phase (after two month treatment),middle phase (after six month treatment)and long phase (after one year treatment).Results ThemeanHAMD17scoreofpatientsinthetestgroupwaslowerthanthecontrolgroupat6monthand 1 2month(P<0.01 ),and the difference of the reduced score at 1 2month was significant (P<0.01 ).The patients has better social function score and lower recurrence rate in the test group than that of the control group (P <0.05 ). Conclusion Theonsetdepressivepatientwhotreatedwithmeasurement-basedcareusingPHQ-9showsbettereffect and social function compared with those with normal outpatient treatment.

Investigation and Analysis of Online Pharmacy Pharmacist Service in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the standardization of online pharmacies pharmacist service. METHODS:Lit-erature research method,online entity investigation method and the method of mysterious customer were adopted to investigate 10 well-known online pharmacies,then described the analysis of current online pharmacies pharmacist service in China. RESULTS:There were 5 online pharmacies showing pharmacist service,but only 1 pharmacy could provide pharmacist registration certificate;on average each online pharmacy was allocated with 1.9 licensed pharmacists;only 2 online pharmacies provided 24 hours of phar-macist service;8 online pharmacies provided more than 2 consulting method;messagebox would pop actively when clicking the“Buy”button in 6 online pharmacies;the correct rate of pharmacist’s guidance was less than 60%,only 20% pharmacists could provide right explanation. CONCLUSIONS:The reasons of the lack of online pharmacies pharmacist service include online pharma-cies imperfect laws and regulations and supervision,lack of licensed pharmacists quantity and quality is not high enough,online pharmacies,pharmacists consulting system is not mature. Online pharmacies can improve relevant laws and regulations,strengthen the government supervision,reasonable and effective use of licensed pharmacists resources,perfect the pharmacist online consult-ing service water system and improve the licensed pharmacists to improve pharmacists service function status.

The Application of VBA Language in Pharmaceutical Warehouse’s Smart Office of Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To improve the automation of hospital pharmaceutical warehouse management by using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) language so as to improve work efficiency. METHODS:Through editing VBA language of Microsoft of-fice software,the experience of our hospital was swmmarized,such as letting the computer automatically sort,split and encrypt, pharmaceutical email and track purehase plan. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:By adopting VBA programming,our hospital has re-alized automatic splitting of the pharmaceutical purchase plan,sending pharmaceutical shortage warning and automatic warning doc-ument management. Pharmaceutical purchase plans are sent faster and drug distribution to our hospital is becoming more timely. The management of document that have a period of validity is becoming more intelligent. Massive manpower and resoure are saved,and the work efficiency is greatly improved. New ideas and methods for smart warehouse management are provided.

Investigation on the Basic Situation of Pharmaceutical Service in Chain Pharmacies in Chengdu City / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the further development of pharmaceutical service in chain phar-macies and the regulation of related departments. METHODS:Field investigation and questionnaire survey were used to investigate the basic situation of pharmaceutical care in 5 chain pharmacies in Chengdu city and analyze the results. RESULTS:In terms of core service,it showed that 2 pharmacies had no suspension of pharmacists license and the pharmacist was not on-the-job;there was significant difference in the medication guidance frequency of pharmacists in those pharmacies(P<0.05);more than 50% sur-veyed consumers received medication guidance when buying drugs in pharmacy B,C and E. In terms of perceived service,3 phar-macies existed illegal drug advertising and 3 existed illegal promotion;drug partitions of all pharmacies were good;service archive material showed best in pharmacy C and worst in pharmacy D;in service advisory zone setting,setting of independent advisory zone was worse. In terms of extended service,5 pharmacies had different preferential ways for memberships except for the prefer-ence in membership day;the unbundling service in those pharmacies was worse,and no pharmacies had no less than 10 unbun-dling varieties. CONCLUSIONS:Pharmaceutical service in chain pharmacies in Chengdu city is barely satisfactory. Pharmacy should strengthen the assessment and management of pharmacists and improve pharmaceutical service,and regulatory authorities strengthen the supervision of advertising and promotion of drugs. What’s more,it is suggested to establish cloud supervision plat-form with the internet information technology,carry out remote service and cloud service and strengthen brand marketing service on the internet to improve the pharmaceutical service levels in chain pharmacies.

Development and validation of a rapid and robust LC-MS/MS method for quantifi-cation of a new oxazolidinone antibiotic MRX-I in human plasma and urine / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To establish and validate an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS)method for quantification of MRX-I,a new oxazolidinone antibacterial agent,in human plasma and urine.Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C8 column using an isocratic elution.The mo-bile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (40∶60,v/v).Quantitative analysis was conducted in the multiple reaction moni-toring mode.Linezolid was used as an internal standard.Liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used to remove impuri-ties in the plasma and urine samples.The method was validated in terms of matrix effect,recovery,precision,accuracy and stability.Results The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.005 00-1 .00 mg/L.The lower limit of quantification was 0.005 00 mg/L for both plasma and urine samples.Retention time was less than 1 .5 min for both MRX-I and internal standard in plasma and urine.The ma-trix effect factors of plasma and urine for MRX-I was 90.4%±8.2% and 82.7%±7.9%,respectively.The recovery of MRX-I was 112.8% ± 13.4% from plasma and 105.6% ± 13.4% from urine samples,respectively.The inter- and intra-day accuracy of MRX-I was 98.9%-105.0% and 96.5%-102.6% in plasma samples,and 92.7%-98.6% and 95.1 %-105.7% in urine samples.MRX-I was stable for 24 h at room tem-perature,48 h in automatic sampler after pretreatment,and stable after 3 freeze-thaw cycles in plasma and urine.MRX-I was also stable at-40℃for eight months in plasma and six months in urine,respectively.Conclusions The UPLC-MS/MS method established in this study shows high sensitivity and specificity for determination of MRX-I in human plasma and urine.The re-sults of validation are consistent with the requirement of bioanalytical method validation.